Today, his dream has become a reality in laboratories around the world. The scattering length is a single number that describes the lowenergy physics of collisions between ultracold atoms. Production and manipulation of wave packets from ultracold atoms in an optical lattice poul l. Creating novel quantum states of ultracold bosons in. Entangling the atoms in an optical lattice for quantum. The resulting arrangement of trapped atoms resembles a crystal lattice and can be used for. Ultracold atoms in resonatorgenerated optical lattices. Sherson, and jan arlt danish national research foundation center for quantum optics, institut for fysik og astronomi. In the case of cavity pumping, all atoms are simultane ously coupled to the same mode. Large scale quantum simulations using ultracold atomic gases in optical lattices mo. Tightbinding models for ultracold atoms in honeycomb optical. Alternatively, one can image the intrap density distribution of atoms. The nook book ebook of the ultracold atoms in optical lattices. In this chapter we introduce the reader to the physics of ultracold atoms trapped in crystals made of light.
Here we derive a generalized bosehubbard hamiltonian, describing the dynamical evolution of the atomcavity system and discuss the in uence of the cavity degree of freedom on various properties of strongly correlated systems in optical lattices. Boseeinstein condensates in optical lattices and optical potentials, including the work of greiner et al. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices precision measurements quantum information qubit quantum simulation lowdim systems 2d 1d. In this thesis, we exploit the high degree of control available in these systems to directly probe the band geometry of an optical honeycomb lattice. Vexandvgx are external trapping potentials for the atom in the excited and the. We study the continuous zero temperature quantum phase transition from the superfluid to the mott insulator phase induced by varying the depth of the optical potential. Ultracold atoms in an optical lattice are considered to be a clean and ideal. Compared to free space optical lattices, quantum uncertainties of the potential and the possibility of atomfield entanglement lead to modified phase transition characteristics, the appearance of new phases or even quantum superpositions of different phases. Vz one of the most important techniques in the ultracold atom toolbox is the optical lattice 1. Lattice geometry the simplest possible lattice is a one dimensional lattice 1d lattice. The physics of ultracold atoms, ions and molecules offer unprecedented possibilities of control of quantum many body systems and novel possibilities of applications. In the limit of very low temperatures, cavity field and atomic dynamics require a quantum description.
For typical experimental parameters, the harmonic trapping frequencies along the tube are very weak and on the order of 10200hz, whereas in the radial direction, the trapping frequencies can become as high as 100khz. They have been rewarded with the 1997 nobel prize in physics for chu 1998, cohentannoudji 1998 and. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices have recently emerged as promising candidates for investigating the geometric and topological aspects of band structures. Lukin2 1institute for quantum information, california institute of technology, mc 10781, pasadena, california 91125, usa 2physics department, harvard university, cambridge, massachusetts 028, usa received 25 october 2002. Relativistic simulations with cold atoms 2d and 3d refocusing of atomic wavepackets imaging of e. Ultracold atoms and molecules in optical lattices sciencedirect. A boseeinstein condensate bec of 87rb atoms was loaded into a threedimensional optical lattice formed by the interference pattern of three orthogonal standing wave laser fields. It makes a route through the physics of cold atoms in periodic potentials starting from the simple noninteracting system and going into the manybody physics that describes the strongly correlated mott insulator regime. Quantum coherence and entanglement with ultracold atoms in optical lattices immanuel bloch 1 at nanokelvin temperatures, ultracold quantum gases can be stored in optical lattices, which are arrays of. Review quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices simulating quantum manybody systems maciej lewenstein, anna sanpera, and veronica ahufinger. They are also useful for sorting microscopic particles, and may be useful for assembling cell arrays. Particularly fascinating is the possibility of using ultracold atoms in lattices to simulate. The physics of ultracold atoms, ions, and molecules offers unprecedented possibilities of control of quantum many systems, and novel possibilities of applications for quantum information and quantum metrology.
Ultracold atoms and molecules have opened a new field for studying strong correlation effects in manybody quantum systems in a highly controllable setting. First comprehensive book on ultracold gases in optical lattices. Controlling spin exchange interactions of ultracold atoms. We study the continuous zero temperature quantum phase transition from the superfluid to the mott insulator phase induced by varying the depth of the optical potential, where the mott insulator phase corresponds to. Quantum manybody dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical. The physics of ultracold atoms, ions and molecules offer unprecedented possibilities of control of quantum many body systems and novel possibilities of applications to quantum information. Ultracold trapped atoms are advantageous because they are fundamentally indistinguishable qubits that can be prepared with high fidelity in welldefined states and readout. Such systems are nearly perfect realisations of various kinds of hubbard models, and as such may very well serve to mimic condensed matter phenomena. Optical lattice is formed by the interference of counterpropagating laser beams, which creates e ective potential that traps ultracold atoms. Quantum computers, though not yet available on the market, will revolutionize the future of information processing. The quench is accomplished by continuously tuning the ratio of the hubbard energies. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices with long range interactions and. Synthetic manybody interactions of ultracold atoms in optical lattices.
Quantum manybody dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical lattices ultrakalte atome in optischen gittern. In twodimensional optical lattice potentials, the atoms are confined to arrays of tightly confining onedimensional tubes see fig. In this paper, we prop ose a slav eboson approach for dealing with the bose. Quantum simulation using ultracold ytterbium atoms in an. Particles can be released from the trapping potential and their density distribution imaged after a suitable timeofflight period. Review quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices christian gross1 and immanuel bloch1,2 quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry. Photoassociation experiments on ultracold and quantum. Besides trapping cold atoms, optical lattices have been widely used in creating gratings and photonic crystals. H34 a quantum simulator for carrying out complex physics calculations. Such ultracold atoms in optical lattices form a completely novel and highly promising research field and find e.
Simulating quantum manybody systems by maciej lewenstein, anna sanpera, veronica due to covid19, orders may be delayed. Quantum state transfer with ultracold atoms in optical. Ultracold interacting bose atoms placed in disordered two dimensional optical lattices with square and triangular symmetries are found to be localized above. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices hardcover maciej. An optical lattice is formed by the interference of counterpropagating laser beams, creating a spatially periodic polarization pattern. Pdf ultracold atoms in optical lattices researchgate. They provide a clean, tuneable system which can be engineered to. Quantum physics with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Quantum manybody dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Maciej lewenstein, anna sanpera, and veronica ahufinger. For large detunings the conservative part of the optical potential dominates and can be used to trap the atoms. Trapped atoms experience a harmonic potential, vr 1 2. An individual user may print out a pdf of a single chapter of a monograph in oso for personal use.
What makes optical lattices so useful is the nearly complete control it gives us over the system. Tightbinding models for ultracold atoms in honeycomb. The combined action of trapping potentials, optical lattices and low temperature cooling techniques, provide a. This book provides a complete and comprehensive overview of ultracold lattice gases as quantum simulators. Request pdf on apr 1, 20, maciej lewenstein and others published ultracold. Quantum coherence and entanglement with ultracold atoms in. Phil thesis, michaelmas 2010 ultracold atoms in optical lattices can be used to model condensed matter systems. Quantum state transfer with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices generated by quantized. Production and manipulation of wave packets from ultracold. Marko znidari c may 25, 2010 abstract in the seminar, physical principles underlying behavior of atoms in optical lattices are presented. Maschler et al ultracold atoms in optical lattices generated by quantized light. Mar 17, 2014 the researchers verified the performance of this method by abinitio physical modeling and exact numerical simulations.
Particularly fascinating is the possibility of using ultracold atoms in lattices to. In this chapter, we will summarize some of the important results obtained in quantum simulation research into quantum manybody systems using ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. Controlling spin exchange interactions of ultracold atoms in optical lattices l. Nonequilibrium dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical lattices. In general, two detection methods are used to reveal the quantum phases of ultracold gases in optical lattices. Optical lattices have seen utilization in such diverse. Quantum state transfer with ultracold atoms 2 systems extremely accessible with the possibility to address, even locally in limited and controllable regions of space, most of the system parameters. The dynamics of an ultracold dilute gas of bosonic atoms in an optical lattice can be described by a bosehubbard model where the system parameters are controlled by laser light. This thesis describes experiments focused on investigating outofequilibrium phenomena in the bosehubbard model and exploring novel cooling techniques for ultracold gases in optical lattices. Such systems are nearly perfect realisations of various. Quantum computers for special purposes like quantum simulators are already within reach.
The extremely high controllability that is offered by systems of ultracold atoms in optical lattices has already allowed some highly impressive work to be accomplished. Probing quantum phases of ultracold atoms in optical. The resulting periodic potential may trap neutral atoms via the stark shift. This system constitutes a very good realization of the bosehubbard model, which predicts a quantum phase transition between a superfluid state and a mott insulator. This thesis covers most of my work in the field of ultracold atoms loaded in optical lattices. Atoms in an optical lattice provide an ideal quantum system where all parameters can be controlled. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices derevianko group. Large scale quantum simulations using ultracold atomic gases. Quantum simulation with atoms in optical lattices atoms in optical lattices electrons in a solid.
Studies of ultracold gases in optical lattices provide a means for testing fundamental and applicationoriented quantum manybody concepts of condensedmatter physics in well controllable atomic systems. Creating novel quantum states of ultracold bosons in optical. We study an ultracold gas of neutral atoms subject to the periodic optical potential generated by a highq cavity mode. Controlling spin exchange interactions of ultracold atoms in. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Atoms are cooled and congregate in the locations of potential minima. The researchers verified the performance of this method by abinitio physical modeling and exact numerical simulations. Ultracold ferromagnetism the theoretical work described in chapter4arose from discussions with arun paramekanti and joseph thywissen regarding possible observable signatures of itinerant ferromagnetism in a trapped ultracold fermi gas. Quantum simulation using ultracold atoms in twodimensional optical lattices sarah alassam, balliol college, oxford d.
Ultracold atoms in such a rotating lattice can be used for the direct quantum simulation of strongly correlated systems under large effective magnetic fields, allowing investigation of phenomena such as the fractional quantum hall effect. In the rst experiment, we study quenches across the mottinsulatortosuper uid quantum phase transition in the 3d bosehubbard model. Probing bloch band geometry with ultracold atoms in. Veselago lensing with ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. Veronica ahufinger this title explores the physics of atoms frozen to ultralow temperatures and trapped in periodic light structures. Exploring manybody physics with ultracold atoms lindsay jane leblanc, doctor of philosophy, 2011 graduate department of physics, university of toronto the emergence of manybody physical phenomena from the quantum mechanical properties of atoms can be studied using ultracold alkali gases. Particularly fascinating is the possibility of using ultracold atoms in lattices to simulate condensed matter or even high energy physics. We demonstrate a novel experimental arrangement which can rotate a 2d optical lattice at frequencies up to several kilohertz. The interaction of atoms in the lattice can easily. Ultracold interacting bose atoms placed in disordered two dimensional optical lattices with square and triangular symmetries are found to be localized above a certain disorder strength amplitude.
Quantum simulation using ultracold atoms in twodimensional. Quantum coherence and entanglement with ultracold atoms. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Simulating quantum manybody systems kindle edition by maciej lewenstein, anna sanpera, veronica ahufinger. Bosonic atoms trapped in an optical lattice at very low temperatures, can be mo deled by the bosehubbard model. For instance, the recent studies have shown that, with spinor bosonic or fermionic atoms in optical lattices, it may be. Tightbinding models for ultracold atoms in honeycomb optical lattices julen iba. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices paperback maciej. Photoassociation experiments on ultracold and quantum gases. It introduces the reader to the spectacular progress achieved on the field of. These socalled optical lattices act as versatile potential landscapes to trap ultracold quantum gases of bosons and fermions. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices the studies of ultracold atoms constitute one of the hottest areas of atomic, molecular, and optical amo physics and quantum optics.
Nonequilibrium dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices in this chapter we introduce the reader to the physics of ultracold atoms trapped in crystals made of light. Large scale quantum simulations using ultracold atomic. Simulating quantum manybody systems, by maciej lewenstein, anna sanpera and veronica ahufinger. By using ultracold atoms in a mott insulating phase of an optical lattice we have been able.
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